willow basketry

Our Week at Touchstone Center for Crafts

THE SETTING

Last Monday we left home just after sunrise and headed due south.

The dogs had been delivered to Dan’s Mom the night before, so our morning routine was unusually quiet and quick as we packed up the car and hit the road. A little after 8:00 am we arrived at Touchstone Center for Crafts in Farmington, PA for the very first time – our new home for the next 5 days.  

Upon arrival we were anxious to check in, retrieve the linen package for our cabin, find our cabin, and figure out where breakfast was being served – all before our workshops began at 9:00 am. The campus was less sprawling than we’d imagined, thankfully, so settling in was swift. We were unpacked, meeting new friendly faces, and enjoying our first meal in the Dining Hall with plenty of time to spare.

Touchstone offers a plethora of workshops, both short and long, in a variety of mediums and studio spaces. Their picturesque 150 acres also offer lodging, galleries, and more. It’s a place I’ve wanted to experience ever since I first learned of it back when I worked at the Pittsburgh Center for the Arts - over 15 years ago!

In 2022, the timing was finally right.

Since Dan has never experienced any in-person basketry education (he’s a self-taught phenomenon), we decided to plan a trip around him being able to do a weaving workshop. Touchstone releases their summer schedule the day after Thanksgiving, and sure enough there was a week of willow weaving slated for the end of June. I enrolled Dan, picked a different workshop for myself, and squared away lodging details for us. We’ve been looking forward to it ever since.

With nearly 50 hours of studio time available to us throughout the week, three meals a day provided on-site, a cabin to ourselves, and all only 90 minutes from home, it seemed like we were headed for adult art camp heaven - which it totally was.


THE WORKSHOPS

The collection Dan made at Touchstone - minus 1!

DAN’S WORKSHOP: WILLOW TRADITIONS WITH Jo Campbell-Amsler

Before I continue on with the glowing review of our experience, it’s necessary to return to the weeks and months leading up to it, which were all steeped in anticipatory anxiety for Dan. This is not unusual for him, not in the least, but I think it’s a highly relatable mindset.

He greatly wanted to take the workshop (which featured a style of weaving he was less familiar with), but was also worried about making friends, a good first impression, and whether or not he belonged there at all. Dan has always been this way, but the extra isolation of the past few years has likely inflamed his apprehension towards pursuing new places, people and experiences. Ironically, weaving is one of the things that puts him in a flow state and releases all the mental chatter.

In his own words:

“These thoughts keep me from living. It’s a terrible thing that I can’t get over … well, I can get over if I actually get to the situation. But typically I avoid it, and I don’t ever deal with it. The only reason that we went to Touchstone was because of you. If you hadn’t pushed for us to do it, I wouldn’t have done it. So I’m very thankful that you did.”

I often joke that Dan is Eeyore and I’m Tigger - a pair of polar opposites that have the power to nudge each other outside of our comfort zones. I had a hunch this workshop would be something he would very much enjoy, despite all the foreboding feelings ahead of it.

The weaving studio, outside and in, Dan learning a new, game-changing technique with pipe cleaners.
[Photo of Dan taken by
Touchstone Center for Craft.]

When Dan first arrived in the studio his instructor, Jo, warmly welcomed him and offered an empty seat next to her. He’d turn out to be the only guy in the room, which was full of fellow basket enthusiasts. Given their shared passion for willow, it didn’t take long for a feeling of camaraderie to form in the group.

The building - which is actually the painting/drawing studio - was beautifully situated amongst tall trees that kept conditions cool within. Behind it there’s a bubbling brook that provided a naturally soothing soundscape. It was an ambiance that’s a far cry from Dan’s tiny home studio, which is stiflingly sweltering in the summer and one of the main reasons why he primarily weaves in the winter.

When we reunited at lunch I could instantly tell that he was thrilled with how the workshop had begun. He was enthusiastically introducing me to Jo’s fascinating and inspiring teaching assistant, Kadey, and was all a flutter about how much he’d already learned in just one morning.

The baskets they were creating in the workshop were far different, stylistically and in method, than Dan was used to, but it was Jo’s unique approach to them that ultimately led to an epiphany.

Rib style basket (upside down)

Stake and strand style basket


What I understand now is how different Jo’s weaving style is from the way Dan had been creating, and how her approach is far simpler and more fluid than the rigid, pattern-driven direction he’d been following from books. Jo primarily weaves with green (fresh) willow* in a rib style, and Dan has almost exclusively woven with brown (dried, then re-hydrated) in the style of stake and strand.

Here’s some of the differences:

  • STAKE AND STRAND BASKETRY:

    • Traditional weaving method that begins with a base

    • Includes a border, potentially a handle and/or a lid

    • Woven from the bottom up, symmetrically, most often from a pattern

    • Dried willow rods are pre-selected by length and thickness, then bundled and soaked

  • RIB BASKETRY:

    • Can be woven from green, semi-green, or brown willow - (green is considered to be breaking the rules of tradition)

    • Begins with a pre-formed hoop that is then woven from the top down, often without a pattern

    • Willow rods can be selected/swapped as you weave

*For a more in-depth explanation of the 3 stages of bark-on willow used for weaving, visit this post.

Dan had made a few rib style baskets in the past, but he found them incredibly difficult and tended to avoid tackling them. But Jo was able to offer a bevy of new tricks and hacks for the most challenging aspects of the rib process, and as a stringent reader and follower of instructions/patterns Dan describes how learning to bend and break the rules changed everything:

To date, weaving has been a 5 to 6 day process just to get to the point to where I can sit and weave a stake and strand project. It makes me insane because there’s so much logistics, organization, preparation … there’s no spontaneity. I can’t ever just start creating on a dime, and when I do finally get to the weaving part I’m so worried about wasting any of the material I’ve already put so much time into.

So, when I realized that I could weave rib baskets with green willow and pick the rods as I wove it was just like, ‘Oh my god, this could literally change the way I look at weaving … from this big daunting task to just going out back, grabbing some green willow, and starting to weave.’ The material isn’t as precious or precise as brown willow that’s had so much time invested into it. It’s just a wildly different experience.

Left: Bread Tray (Dan’s personal favorite - he made 2 of these)
Right: Gypsy Mellon Basket

Dan often talks about how he doesn’t feel like an artist (and actively rejects the title) because as a beginner he’s primarily woven from other people’s patterns and directions. He sees basketry as similar to following a recipe, and allocates any artistic credit to the original creator. He’s designed a couple baskets from scratch, but is very much still adhering to a motto of “learn the rules before you break them” - and feels far from knowing all the rules.

Even still, I asked him to expand upon why hasn’t experimented more over the past few years, both with materials and techniques:

It never entered my mind to do it differently. I thought, weaving is difficult, and it’s difficult for a reason. I wasn’t questioning it, period. There’s one way to do it, the right way - which is a concept I get stuck on. It’s not true, and I know that in theory. But that’s how my brain works. It’s how I get through the day, knowing there’s rules and that if I follow them things will be okay.

In retrospect, it’s clear that learning and creating in a vacuum (even successfully) has kept Dan stuck in a loop. It’s turned him into a harsh critic of his own work and has limited his confidence - both things that likely influenced his anxiety ahead of our trip. But if we’ve learned anything since starting Foggy Blossom it’s that there’s only so far you can go on your own. At some point you have to emerge into the world, and thankfully this workshop introduced a healthy, and much needed dose of perspective:

It took me out of my comfort zone, but Jo made it so accessible. She made the act of weaving feel like it wasn’t a big deal, because ultimately it isn’t. I can hear her saying, ‘It’s just sticks. It’s just over and under, it’s just in and out…’ I love that she really pushed that idea, because it relieved some of the pressure I’d been unnecessarily putting on myself. Now I feel like I’m in the beginning stages of allowing myself to join the basketry community… like I’m worthy at this stage in my experience. It’s not that scary anymore. I can open myself up to criticism, and I never would have been okay with that before.

Perhaps some day he’ll even embrace his inner artist.

Left: Touch of Tradition Basket
Right: Catalan Tray

I’m so proud of Dan, not only for his incredible dedication to willow basketry over the past 3 years, but for being so willing to go outside his comfort zone, over and over, all throughout the week. The way he talks about weaving now is more imaginative than ever. He even earned the nickname, “Basket-a-day-Dan” from his classmates who all rooted for each other and their accomplishments in an incredibly supportive way. Perhaps nobody else was aware of just how difficult it was for him to show up, but hopefully sharing his story will give others the courage to do the same.

As for the future of Foggy Blossom willow (both our crop and Dan’s basketry), it all feels more exciting than ever. More on that soon!


MY WORKSHOP: STAINED GLASS WITH NEILE COOPER

The recap of my experience will be much shorter than Dan’s because glass, unlike willow, doesn’t have anything to do with Foggy Blossom. Also, because (in true Tigger fashion) I was over the moon excited and eager from the moment we signed up!

The glass studio outside and in, copper foiling one of my first pieces, and assembling all the components of my first project - ready to be soldered.

Over the last decade I’ve taken several classes at the Pittsburgh Glass Center, so I was familiar with the initial steps of scoring and cutting glass. But I’ve never used a grinder, copper foiled, soldered, or completed any stained glass projects, so the remainder of the process was all brand new. It was somewhat challenging, especially the soldering, but I was instantly addicted - even as my finger tips acquired a healthy collection of micro-cuts.

My first three projects - the butterfly still needs a frame

My first three projects followed patterns, which were all designed by my amazing teacher Neile Cooper. I’d been following her work for a while - maybe you’ve heard of her stained glass cabin? - and had recently received her brand new book, Kicking Glass.

Her aesthetic is very flora/fauna-centric, which naturally I’m a huge fan of. I’m so grateful I was able to spend a week beside her and learn all about this beautiful medium that she’s elevated to such inspiring heights.

Assembling my abstract, mosaic style project

And unlike Dan, I’m the type of person who cannot wait to break the rules and get experimental as soon as I learn the very bare minimum basics of a new craft. I like to play and push boundaries, and could probably use a bit more rule-following before I get too wild. But I can’t help myself!

So for my fourth and final project, since most of my prior glass experience was with mosaics (both fused and cold-worked), I wondered if I could piece together some of the class scraps into a new creation. The result was a clunky, but fun, first attempt at an intuitive, abstract, mosaic stained glass piece. I can’t wait to try again.

Perhaps a willow/stained glass collaboration is in our future!


THE EXPERIENCE

Our quaint little cabin, offering the full sleep-away camp experience

After arriving on campus Monday morning we stayed put until it was time to leave around 6:00 pm on Friday afternoon. Most of our time was spent in our studios, the Dining Hall, or exploring the lush grounds and artwork all around. Being fully immersed in a creative bubble for 5 days was such a luxury, and one we’re so thankful for.

Even after spending all day working on our projects, we took advantage of all the extra studio hours in the evenings - except for the last night.

Thursday night is pizza night at Touchstone, which boasted some truly tasty wood fired slices. The weather was gorgeous throughout the whole week, but that evening was particularly full of sunshine and felt so special.

After the food there were artist talks in the gallery, which were shared by the resident interns of the summer season. Each of their presentations absolutely blew us away, both emotionally and creatively, and stood out as one of the highlights of our experience. Every day it became more and more apparent just how immersed we were in the company of unbelievably talented and fascinating people.

The remainder of our final evening was spent exploring the blacksmithing and pottery studios where the other two workshops that week were taking place. By the time we reached our final day it felt like barely enough time to fully soak it all in.

Needless to say, everything turned out more spectacularly than we could’ve imagined and we hope another week at Touchstone is in our future. In the meantime, there will be plenty of creating here on the farm.


A Beginner's Guide to Willow Basketry

Note: This post is periodically updated to contain the most relevant information.
Last updated January 2024

WILLOW BASKETRY — WHERE TO BEGIN?

Beginning in 2018 Dan started to teach himself how to weave with willow exclusively through books and online resources, eventually pursing in-person learning in 2022. He’s well suited to learn in such a remote way, but the approach hasn’t been without its challenges. The journey to figure out how to best grow, harvest, dry, re-hydrate, mellow and weave is still very much unfolding for Dan, but over the past few years he’s figured out quite a lot.

There are many access points to explore within willow weaving, but the following breaks down the process from plant to final product in order to give you the full picture. This story chronicles Dan’s personal experience as a beginner, which hopefully will inspire your own unique exploration.


Continue learning about all things willow and weaving by reading our Field Notes, published every Sunday on Substack.


1: The growth potential of a first year willow plant, shown in the fall.
2. Cuttings taken from coppicing that will be used to create new plants.
3 & 4: Harvesting and transporting rods to be processed before drying down for weaving.

PLANTING, GROWING, HARVESTING and DRYING

Willow cuttings, ready to plant.

When it comes to willow most people think of tall, weeping trees, or fuzzy gray catkins, but the process of raising the plant exclusively for basketry is a process that follows a seasonal cycle centered on coppicing.

Willow coppicing is the process of pruning a plant to the ground during dormancy for the purpose of harvesting rods for weaving, or for obtaining cuttings to create new plants from. This process creates a “stool” (the remaining plant material above ground) and forces the root system below to become more robust, thus yielding a new abundance of growth the following season.

Cuttings taken from late winter coppicing are planted in the early spring, and each one will create a copy of its mother plant. Rods can grow quite substantially within the first year, and new growth appears as tall shoots that taper from wide at the base to thinner at the top. First year rods can be harvested and woven, but they likely won’t be of the highest quality.

It takes about 5 years of annual coppicing to produce the best weaving material. This is because throughout each successive year the stool that is left behind increases in diameter and produces more and more rods. The abundance of growth within the footprint of the plant, as well as the tight spacing between plants, trains the rods to become taller, straighter, of more equal thickness from butt to tip, and absent of branching as they all compete for sunlight.

Sorted and bundled rods set up to dry.

Dried bundles of willow showcasing a variety of natural bark hues, ready to be woven.

When you harvest fresh willow rods in the fall they are considered “green.”

You can weave with green willow, and some designs will work fine that way, but eventually the piece will dry and the integrity of the build may be compromised. Green willow creations will often loosen and become flimsy, impairing their ability to maintain the strength of the form.

The best approach to preparing willow for a weave that lasts is to sort and bundle the green willow by variety and length, and then leave it to dry completely for many months. Placing them in an upright position in a protected space with good airflow has worked great for us.

The drying process will shift the green willow towards a “semi-green state,” and eventually to a “brown” state. From there you are ready to re-hydrate and prepare the material for weaving. To date, Dan has only woven with bark-on willow, and you can find out more about this below.

Newly planted willow cuttings in our field, showing late spring growth and tight spacing (1 foot between each plant, 3 feet between each row).

Growing your own willow requires quite a lot of time and space, but is relatively easy to do, and there are hundreds of varieties to choose from. As an introduction, however, it may be easier to source material that is ready to weave with. Whichever route you’d like to explore, below are the growers that we have sourced from:

WILLOW SOURCES

Willow stools that were coppiced in the fall, pictured with their new spring growth that will mature into rods for harvesting throughout the year.


TOOLS

Screwblock, Rapping Iron, Pruners, and a Bodkin.

The three tools you need to get started are listed below, and you may already have items on hand that could mimic their functions. There’s no need to invest in specific weaving tools as a beginner, but if you decide to dive deeper into the craft they will become necessary.

  1. Rapping Iron - Tamps down the woven rods along the way to make the weave tighter so that when it dries it doesn’t loosen up as much.

  2. Pruners - Cuts and trims willow rods to specific lengths.

  3. Bodkin - Gently opens up space in order to guide rods through pre-existing portions of the weave.

TOOL SOURCES

Using pruners, weights holding a base in place, using a screwblock to create a square-sided base, and two baskets in process with their upright weavers bundled into place.

Other materials that make the process easier:

  • Weights to keep the form in place

    • Dan uses a set of lead weights that were left in our shed by the previous owner, but anything small and heavy will do.

  • Tethering material to bundle upright rods while weaving the sides

    • Dan has experimented with using old electrical wire that was also left in our shed, and has moved on to using sections of old bicycle tubes.

  • Screwblock for making square sided bases and lids

    • Dan built this based on plans in Jonathan Ridgeon’s book (listed below), and fashioned it to his own custom specs.

  • Felt pad for cushioning the base so that the bark doesn’t rub off as you rotate the basket

    • We purchased a large piece of 20 mm felt from Etsy and cut it to fit Dan’s weaving table.

  • Ruler/Tape Measure for keeping everything even - symmetry is paramount!

Dan began by weaving on our kitchen floor (L) before creating his own studio and custom slanted table with removable legs (R).

It feels necessary to mention the importance of ergonomics when it comes to weaving.

An early iteration of Dan’s weaving table.

Traditionally people would sit on the floor to weave, often using a lapboard (a long, slanted board with one end on the ground and the other on your lap). Dan first began by working on our kitchen floor, but over time it became incredibly painful for him and he realized that he didn’t have any interest in weaving if he couldn’t sit in a chair. In the beginning we had no other space that was big enough to accommodate him, but eventually he built a studio specifically for his craft.

Since weaving can often take hours and hours of repetitive motions, Dan recommends finding a position that is sustainable for your body to inhabit over long periods of time. Comfort is king when it comes to the longevity of being able to weave.


RE-HYDRATING

To re-hydrate dried willow you’ll need enough water to fully submerge the rods, which often requires the use of weights to keep the bundles down. The water also needs to be warm enough to facilitate full saturation of the rods. Our current setup (detailed below) keeps the water around 70 degrees Fahrenheit, which creates a timeline of about 1 day of soaking per foot of material, followed by at least a day of mellowing.

One amazing trick is that once the willow is saturated you can freeze the rods until they’re ready to use and they’ll remain in a suspended, soaked state. A brief thaw will ready them for weaving.

An early soaking solution: submerging bundles in one of our tiny ponds.

Bundles of willow weighted down to soak.

Figuring out an ideal (and permanent) re-hydrating setup took Dan some time. He has tried using our small ponds, a large pipe that he filled with water and stood up in our shower, a hand-dug trough, and finally a livestock feeder with a filter/heater (pictured).

This setup ensures the water is always warm, never stagnant, and is also large enough to accommodate lots of bundles.

SOAKING SETUP SOURCES


Willow rods fully saturated and ready to be removed from the water.

HOW DO YOU KNOW WHEN THE WILLOW IS READY?

If you can achieve a 90 degree bend without the rod cracking, or the bark splitting at the butt, the material is ready.

Be diligent and check the rods every day, or every other day, to ensure you don’t go past the stage of perfect re-hydration. If it goes too far, the bark will start to slough off the rods while you weave them.

One sign to look for is the appearance of small white blobs across the surface of the rods, which indicate full saturation within.

However you deem the material ready, the next step is to move it from the water to a mellowing situation.


MELLOWING

Moistening the rug, removing the saturated bundle, rolling the willow up in the rug, leaving it to mellow.

You can use almost anything you have on hand to roll up the willow within. If the material isn’t breathable, however, be mindful of airflow.

We like to describe mellowing by comparing it to the act of leaving a piece of meat to rest after cooking in order to redistribute the juices. Letting the willow sit will move it from a super soaked state to a more “semi-green” state.

After Dan rolls up the rods within the rug, he stands the bundle upright for just a few minutes to let some of the excess water drain away. He then lays it down flat for the remainder of the mellow (1 day minimum).

Dan has tried several different materials, including a plastic sleeve, but these old rugs have proven to be the best option. Anything airtight has led to mold, which you want to avoid.

As you are developing your own mellowing method, be sure to check the rods a few times throughout the process to ensure they’re not too wet or too dry. By taking the rods out of the water and then keeping them in a moist environment for at least a day you’ll end up with material that isn’t dripping wet but is perfectly pliable.

Mellowing is an important step, and the last one before weaving.


THE 3 STAGES OF BARK-ON WILLOW

GREEN

  • Freshly harvested, living rods taken during coppicing

  • Can be woven, bundled and dried, used for planting as cuttings, or used to create living willow structures such as fences

SEMI-GREEN

  • Partially dried, halfway between green and brown in terms of moisture content

  • Primarily used for weaving

  • The stage that brown willow mimics after re-hydration

BROWN

  • Fully dried, brittle rods

  • Can be stored for long periods of time in a protected, dry environment with good airflow

  • Can be re-hydrated and used for weaving


WEAVING INSTRUCTION & INSPIRATION

Now that you know how willow weaving material is created and prepared, there are many ways to pursue your first weaving project.

Dan has rounded up his favorite resources that got him to where he is today, all of which were self-guided. If teaching yourself doesn’t resonate with your learning style, there are many in-person and virtual workshops and classes to be found.


A final note:

If all of this info is overwhelming, or you’ve gotten the impression that weaving is a bit too much to take on, know that you truly don’t need anything other than some bendy plant material to get started. Dan’s first baskets were made from blackberry canes and multiflora rose (he removed the thorns from both) that were already growing on our property, and it was enough to give him the feel of whether or not it was a craft he wanted to continue.


Field Notes

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